Astragalus
Summary
Also known by these namesAstragaloside IV |
Astragalus, one of the most commonly used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, is used to treat various cancers including breast, colorectal, esophageal, lung and stomach cancers. Astragalus reduces some side effects of treatment and improves quality of life; it is also anti-inflammatory and supports immune function.
Astragalus is often used in combination with other herbs in traditional Chinese medicine.
Evidence of Effectiveness
Treating Cancer 
- Good evidence in multiple studies / reviews / meta-analyses of improved survival, tumor response and overall response when used with chemotherapy or radiotherapy and with other natural products in colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and lung cancer
- Good evidence in multiple studies / reviews / meta-analyses of enhanced chemotherapy response in breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and stomach cancer
- Limited evidence of improved survival, tumor response and overall response when used with chemotherapy or radiotherapy and other natural products in liver cancer
Optimizing Your Body Terrain
Cancer thrives on out-of-balance features of your body terrain: oxidation, inflammation, immunity and more. See Body Terrain and the Tumor Microenvironment.
- Good clinical evidence of effectiveness of immune support or modulation
- Limited clinical evidence of anti-inflammatory activity
- Preclinical evidence of antioxidant activity
Managing Side Effects
- Good clinical evidence of positive effects on quality of life and these side effects and symptoms in multiple studies / reviews / meta-analyses:
- Neutropenia and other blood-related effects
- Changes in appetite
- Fatigue
- Nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal side effects
- Pain
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Limited evidence of improved bone marrow activity and sleep disturbance
Reducing Cancer Risk 
- Preclinical evidence only
- Prevented gastrointestinal lesions in animals from progressing to colon cancer
Use by Integrative Oncology Experts 
- Used by many integrative cancer professionals and most practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine; see Integrative Programs, Protocols and Medical Systems below.
Safety
- Generally well tolerated and considered safe, but a few side effects are noted.
- May interact with anticoagulants, diuretics and antihypertensive drugs.
- May interfere with some chemotherapy drugs and/or affect hormone-sensitive cancers
- Before using this therapy, consult your oncology team about interactions with other treatments and therapies. Also make sure this therapy is safe for use with any other medical conditions you may have.
Affordability and Ease of Access
- Widely available as a supplement; prices are generally low to moderate
- IV (intravenous) treatment and injections require administration by a licensed healthcare professional.
- Supplement prices are generally low to moderate. IV or injection treatment is more expensive.
Details and Evidence
Authors
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Nancy Hepp, MS, BCCT Project ManagerAstragalus, a plant belonging to the legume (pea or bean) family, is one of the most commonly used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. The roots of Astragalus membranaceus or mongholicus are most commonly used. Astragalus is often administered together with other herbs.
In cancer care, astragalus has mainly been used to reduce the severity of chemotherapy side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue and immune suppression.1
Clinical Practice Guidelines
Shanghai Association of Chinese Integrative Medicine
2018 clinical practice guidelines from a multidisciplinary working group assessed Aidi injection, an herbal mixture typically containing astragalus and three other herbs (ginseng, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Cantharidin/Cantharus). They provide these recommendations for use of astragalus for people with middle- and advanced-stage primary liver cancer:2
- For patients unable to undergo surgery or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), “a general symptomatic and supportive treatment of antitumor Chinese medicine injection via intravenous drip may improve the quality-of-life and clinical benefit rate. Commonly used drugs include ... Aidi injection.” (Weak recommendation, meaning the desirable effects probably outweigh the undesirable effects, based on studies of moderate rigor)
- For patients undergoing TACE, “joint application of TCM-assistant therapy such as intravenous drip of ... Aidi injection improves efficacy and reduces adverse reactions caused by TACE.” (Weak recommendation, meaning the desirable effects probably outweigh the undesirable effects, based on studies of moderate rigor)
Hong Kong Government
Several Chinese herbal mixtures containing astragalus are recommended for pain, constipation and insomnia in 2019 clinical practice guidelines from the Hong Kong Government (Hospital Authority) for cancer palliative care.3
Treating the Cancer
Working against cancer growth or spread, improving survival, or working with other treatments or therapies to improve their anticancer action
Clinical Evidence
Breast Cancer
- Improved tumor response to chemotherapy with Chinese herbal medicine, 73 percent of which was Astragalus radix4
- Increased rate of chemotherapy completion in breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-associated hand-foot syndrome taking an herbal compound of Astragalus membranaceus and four other herbs5
Colorectal Cancer
- Increased clinical effectiveness and survival time with Kangai injection (KAI, ginseng, Astragali radix and kushen) in advanced colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy6
- Increased tumor response rates with combination of hedyotis, astragalus and scutellaria used with oxaliplatin-based regimens in palliative treatment7
- Increased chemotherapy completion rate in colorectal cancer patients with chemotherapy-associated hand-foot syndrome taking an herbal compound of Astragalus membranaceus, flowers carthami, lithospermum, Geranium wilfordii, and Radix angelicae)8
- Limited evidence of increased tumor response rate when used with chemotherapy9
Esophageal Cancer
Liver Cancer
- Limited evidence of improved survival, clinical effectiveness, and performance status with astragalus polysaccharides injection in combination with transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE)12
Lung Cancer (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer)
- Increased effectiveness of platinum-based chemotherapy, survival, performance status and tumor response with astragalus-based botanical therapy13
- Improved response with Aidi injection of astragalus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, ginseng, and cantharis14 or Mylabris phalerata, Radix astragali, Radix ginseng, and Acanthopanax senticosus15 used with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy in patients with stage 3 or 4 non-small cell lung cancer
Stomach (Gastric) Cancer
- Improved clinical efficacy and overall response with astragalus polysaccharides injection used with FOLFOX regimen16
Lab and Animal Evidence
- Enhanced the effects of pemetrexed disodium (used in some lung cancers, especially with metastases) or gemcitabine (used with breast, ovarian, non-small cell lung, and pancreatic cancers), possibly allowing for reduced dose and toxicity without sacrificing treatment effectiveness17
- May prevent metastasis and promote the efficacy of chemotherapy by improving systemic immunity18
- Bladder cancer: reduced proliferation and promoted cell death (apoptosis)19
- Brain cancer (glioma): reduced proliferation and promoted cell death (apoptosis)20
- Breast cancer: inhibited cell proliferation, including in chemo-resistant breast cancer cells, without killing normal cells, in combination with Hedyotis diffusa, Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis21
- Cervical cancer: reduced proliferation and promoted cell death (apoptosis)22
- Colorectal cancer: reduced proliferation and promoted cell death (apoptosis);23 reduced proliferation with FOLFOX 4, and enhanced cytotoxicity of 5-FU24
- Liver cancer: suppressed metastasis and proliferation and enhanced programmed cell death (apoptosis) of hepatocellular carcinoma cells25
- Lung cancer (non-small cell): reduced proliferation and promoted cell death (apoptosis)26
- Osteosarcoma: reduced proliferation and promoted cell death (apoptosis)27
- Ovarian cancer:
- Inhibited growth of stage 1 tumors, but not stage 2 or 3 tumors, in mice when combined with curcumin as an adjuvant treatment to cisplatinum28
- Reduced proliferation and promoted cell death (apoptosis)29
- Increased cell death (apoptosis) and suppressed migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells treated with formononetin, an extract of astragalus30
- Increased sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin31
- Weak cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cells in lab studies with Astragalus kahiricus32
- Prostate cancer: reduced proliferation and promoted cell death (apoptosis)33
- Stomach cancer (gastric adenocarcinoma): reduced proliferation and promoted cell death (apoptosis)34
Optimizing Your Terrain
Creating an environment within your body that does not support cancer development, growth or spread; see Body Terrain and the Tumor Microenvironment.
Managing Side Effects and Promoting Wellness
Managing or relieving side effects or symptoms, reducing treatment toxicity, supporting quality of life or promoting general well-being
- Reduced toxicity of paclitaxel-based chemotherapy in patients with Aidi injection (Mylabris phalerata, Radix astragalus, Radix ginseng and Acanthopanax senticosus) with stage 3B or 4 non-small cell lung cancer40
Blood-related Side Effects
- Reduced adverse reactions to chemotherapy including neutropenia (low count of white blood cells called neutrophils), anemia, thrombocytopenia (low count of platelets) and leukopenia (low overall white blood cell count) in people with colorectal cancer41
- Reduced incidence of oxaliplatin-induced neutropenia in people with colorectal cancer42
- Reduced leukopenia related to radiotherapy with astragalus polysaccharide injections among people with esophageal cancer43
- Reduced leukopenia related to FOLFOX regimen in people with stomach cancer with astragalus polysaccharides injection44
- Decreased platinum-based chemotherapy side effects including anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia with astragalus-based botanical therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer45
- Reduced the risk of blood toxicity with Aidi injection (astragalus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, ginseng and cantharis) in people with stage 3 or 4 non-small cell lung cancer46
Changes in Appetite
- Improved appetite with advanced metastatic cancers (diverse tumor types, including breast, colorectal, head and neck, liver, lung, pancreas and stomach) using IV (intravenous) astragalus polysaccharides47
- Improved appetite with astragalus-based botanical therapy among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy48
- Improved appetite with astragalus polysaccharides among people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with vinorelbine and cisplatin49
Fatigue
- Reduced fatigue related to chemotherapy50
- Reduced fatigue with advanced metastatic cancers (diverse tumor types, including breast, colorectal, head and neck, liver, lung, pancreas and stomach) using IV (intravenous) astragalus polysaccharides51
- Significantly improved cancer-related fatigue in patients with advanced cancer with use of PG2, a partially purified extract of Astragalus membranaceus52
- Improved fatigue with astragalus-based botanical therapy among people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy53
- Reduced fatigue with astragalus polysaccharides among people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer undergoing treatment with vinorelbine and cisplatin54
Gastrointestinal Symptoms, including Nausea and Vomiting
- Reduced nausea and vomiting among people with advanced metastatic cancers (diverse tumor types, including breast, colorectal, head and neck, liver, lung, pancreas and stomach) with IV (intravenous) astragalus polysaccharides55
- Reduced nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy for colorectal cancer,56 including oxaliplatin,57 and also platinum-based chemotherapy and vinorelbine for advanced non-small cell lung cancer58
- Improved regulation of gastrointestinal motility and protective of gastric tissue when used with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer59
- Reduced nausea related to radiotherapy for esophageal cancer with use of astragalus polysaccharide injections60
- Reduced diarrhea related to chemotherapy for colorectal cancer61
- Reduced gastrointestinal toxicity with Aidi injection (astragalus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, ginseng and cantharis) in people with stage 3 or 4 non-small cell lung cancer62
- Protected against intestinal barrier dysfunction with combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Jiaozhen in people undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer63
- Reduced gastrointestinal reactions related to FOLFOX regimen in people with stomach cancer with astragalus polysaccharides injection64
Myelosuppression
- Limited evidence of decreased suppression of bone marrow activity (myelosuppression) caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy65
Pain
- Decreased pain in colorectal and breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-associated hand-foot syndrome taking an herbal compound of astragalus membranaceus and four other herbs, with no adverse effects66
- Reduced pain among people with advanced metastatic cancers (diverse tumor types, including breast, colorectal, head and neck, liver, lung, pancreas and stomach) using IV (intravenous) astragalus polysaccharides67
- Reduced pain related to vinorelbine and cisplatin among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with astragalus polysaccharides68
Peripheral Neuropathy and Neurotoxicity
- Reduced incidence and severity of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and improved nerve function and functional performance in people with various types of cancer (mostly gastrointestinal/colorectal, but also breast and ovarian cancers), in some studies improving the response when used with western analgesics69
- Reduced neurotoxicity when used during chemotherapy for colorectal cancer70
- Protected nerve tissue71 and relieved pain from nerve damage induced by oxaliplatin without affecting the anticancer effect of chemotherapy72
Quality of Life and Physical Function
- Improved quality of life among people with advanced metastatic cancers (diverse tumor types, including breast, colorectal, head and neck, liver, lung, pancreas and stomach) using IV (intravenous) astragalus polysaccharides73
- Improved quality of life among people with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy using Chinese herbal medicine, 73 percent of which was Astragalus radix74
- Improved quality of life when used during chemotherapy for colorectal cancer75
- Improved quality of life among colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy with Kangai injection (KAI, ginseng, Astragali radix and kushen)76
- Improved quality of life with use of astragalus polysaccharide injections with radiotherapy for esophageal cancer77
- Improved performance status and quality of life among people with stomach cancer underoing FOLFOX regimen with astragalus polysaccharides injection78
- Improved quality of life and physical function in patients with stage 3 or 4 non-small cell lung cancer with astragalus polysaccharides integrated with vinorelbine and cisplatin or with Aidi injection (Astragalus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, ginseng and cantharis)79
Sleep Disturbance
- Improved sleep among people with advanced metastatic cancers (diverse tumor types, including breast, colorectal, head and neck, liver, lung, pancreas and stomach) using IV (intravenous) astragalus polysaccharides80
Other Side Effects and Symptoms
- Reduced wound seeping (exudate) and improved inflammatory symptoms after mastectomy with San Huang decoction, consisting of Radix astragali, Radix et rhizoma rhei, and Rhizoma curcuma longa in a small trial81
- Limited evidence of prevention and treatment of radiation-induced pulmonary injury, a common side effect of thoracic radiotherapy used in treating lung, esophageal and breast cancers82
- Alleviated adverse effects in combination with transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in people with liver cancer83
- Reduced liver injury in people with stage 3 or 4 non-small cell lung cancer with Aidi injection (astragalus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, ginseng and cantharis)84
- Reduced immune suppression caused by chemotherapy85
Reducing Risk
Reducing the risk of developing cancer or the risk of recurrence
Lab and Animal Evidence
- Colon cancer: prevented gastrointestinal lesions in animals from progressing into cancer86
Access
Astragalus is widely available as an oral supplement or in various formulations.87 Use in cancer care is typically orally, externally applied to skin, as an injection or intravenously.
Supplement prices are generally low to moderate. Intravenous (IV) treatments and injections are more expensive, requiring administration by a healthcare professional.
TRC Natural Medicines provides information on various formulations of astragalus: Astragalus (subscription required).
Cautions
Astragalus is generally well tolerated and considered safe, but preliminary evidence has found interactions with anticoagulants, diuretics, and antihypertensive drugs. See CAM Cancer for more information.
Due to its antioxidant and estrogenic activity, astragalus may interfere with some chemotherapy drugs and/or affect hormone-sensitive cancers, though this is still under investigation.88
One study reported fatigue, malaise, headache and lowered blood pressure in patients after administration, but all symptoms cleared within 24 hours.89
Formononetin (an astragalus extract) and its metabolites can enhance inflammation and induce an allergic immune response.90
Dosing
BCCT does not recommend therapies or doses, but provides information for patients and providers to consider as part of a complete treatment plan. Patients should discuss therapies with their physicians, as contraindications, interactions and side effects must be evaluated. Levels of active ingredients of natural products can vary widely between and even within products. See Quality and Sources of Herbs, Supplements and Other Natural Products.
Dosage recommendations are available from these sources:
- Solutions 4 Health:
- Natural Medicines Database (requires purchase)
Integrative Programs, Protocols and Medical Systems
| For more information about programs and protocols, see our Integrative Programs and Protocols page. |
- Programs and protocols
- Alschuler & Gazella complementary approaches91
- Leukemia
- Lung cancer
- Stomach cancer
- Immune modulation during chemotherapy and radiation therapy
- Block program92
- McKinney protocols93
- Gallbladder cancer
- Leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
- Lung cancer
- Lymphoma
- Melanoma
- Mesothelioma
- Parmar & Kazcor treatment plans94
- Esophageal cancer
- Leukemia (acute lymphocytic)
- Lung cancer (non-small cell)
- Alschuler & Gazella complementary approaches91
- Traditional systems
- Ellen Conte and the CAM Cancer Consortium. Astragalus spp. June 22, 2020. Viewed January 29, 2021.
- Ling CQ, Fan J et al. Chinese Integrative Therapy of Primary Liver Cancer Working Group. Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of primary liver cancer with integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2018 Jul;16(4):236-248.
- Lam WC, Zhong L et al. Hong Kong Chinese medicine clinical practice guideline for cancer palliative care: pain, constipation, and insomnia. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019 Jan 22;2019:1038206.
- Zhu L, Li L, Li Y, Wang J, Wang Q. Chinese herbal medicine as an adjunctive therapy for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016;2016:9469276.
- Yu R, Wu X, Jia L, Lou Y. Effect of Chinese herbal compound LC09 on patients with capecitabine-associated hand-foot syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, and parallel-controlled trial. Integrative Cancer Therapies. Jan-Dec 2020;19:1534735420928466.
- Huang S, Peng W et al. Kangai injection, a traditional Chinese medicine, improves efficacy and reduces toxicity of chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019 Jul 15;2019:8423037.
- Chen M, May BH, Zhou IW, Xue CC, Zhang AL. Meta-analysis of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy combined with traditional medicines for colorectal cancer: contributions of specific plants to tumor response. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2016;15(1):40–59.
- Yu R, Wu X, Jia L, Lou Y. Effect of Chinese herbal compound LC09 on patients with capecitabine-associated hand-foot syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, and parallel-controlled trial. Integrative Cancer Therapies. Jan-Dec 2020;19:1534735420928466.
- Lin S, An X, Guo Y, et al. Meta-analysis of astragalus-containing traditional Chinese medicine combined with chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: efficacy and safety to tumor response. Frontiers in Oncology. 2019;9:749; Abrams DI, Weil AT. Integrative Oncology, 2nd Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2014.
- Zhang D, Ni M et al. The optimal Chinese herbal injections for use With radiotherapy to treat esophageal cancer: a systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2019 Jan 4;9:1470.
- Ge L, Mao L et al. [Network meta-analysis on selecting Chinese medical injections in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer.] [Article in Chinese] Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 2015 Sep;40(18):3674-81.
- Zhang D, Wang K et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal injections combined with transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization in treatment of liver cancer: a bayesian network meta-analysis. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2020;40(2):167-187.
- Wang SF, Wang Q et al. Astragalus-containing traditional Chinese medicine, with and without prescription based on syndrome differentiation, combined with chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Current Oncology. 2016 Jun;23(3):e188-95.
- Xiao Z, Wang C et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of Aidi injection plus paclitaxel-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials following the PRISMA guidelines. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2019 Jan 10;228:110-122.
- Wang J, Li G et al. Aidi injection plus platinum-based chemotherapy for stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 42 RCTs following the PRISMA guidelines. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018 Jul 15;221:137-150.
- Zhang D, Zheng J et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal injections combined with the FOLFOX regimen for treating gastric cancer in China: a network meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(40):68873-68889; Wang J, Tian J, Ge L, Gan Y, Yang K. Which is the best Chinese herb injection based on the FOLFOX regimen for gastric cancer? A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2014;15(12):4795-4800.
- Chu Z, Wang Z, Liu T, Xiong S, Liu B. Evaluation of the effects of astragalus membranaceus on the pharmacokinetics of pemetrexed disodium and gemcitabine in rats by a simple high-performance liquid chromatography/UV method. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry. 2019 Apr 28;2019:3162426.
- Li S, Sun Y et al. Anti-tumor effects and mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and its specific immunopotentiation: status and prospect. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2020 Aug 10;258:112797.
- Ong SKL, Shanmugam MK et al. Focus on formononetin: anticancer potential and molecular targets. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(5):611; Auyeung KK, Woo PK, Law PC, Ko JK. Astragalus saponins modulate cell invasiveness and angiogenesis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2012 Jun 1;141(2):635-41.
- Ong SKL, Shanmugam MK et al. Focus on formononetin: anticancer potential and molecular targets. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(5):611; Auyeung KK, Woo PK, Law PC, Ko JK. Astragalus saponins modulate cell invasiveness and angiogenesis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2012 Jun 1;141(2):635-41.
- Wang N, Yang B et al. Network pharmacology-based validation of caveolin-1 as a key mediator of Ai Du Qing inhibition of drug resistance in breast cancer. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2018 Oct 2;9:1106.
- Ong SKL, Shanmugam MK et al. Focus on formononetin: anticancer potential and molecular targets. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(5):611; Auyeung KK, Woo PK, Law PC, Ko JK. Astragalus saponins modulate cell invasiveness and angiogenesis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2012 Jun 1;141(2):635-41.
- Ong SKL, Shanmugam MK et al. Focus on formononetin: anticancer potential and molecular targets. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(5):611; Auyeung KK, Woo PK, Law PC, Ko JK. Astragalus saponins modulate cell invasiveness and angiogenesis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2012 Jun 1;141(2):635-41.
- Chen M, May BH, Zhou IW, Xue CC, Zhang AL. FOLFOX 4 combined with herbal medicine for advanced colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Phytotherapy Research. 2014;28(7):976–991.
- Auyeung KK, Woo PK, Law PC, Ko JK. Astragalus saponins modulate cell invasiveness and angiogenesis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2012 Jun 1;141(2):635-41.
- Ong SKL, Shanmugam MK et al. Focus on formononetin: anticancer potential and molecular targets. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(5):611.
- Ong SKL, Shanmugam MK et al. Focus on formononetin: anticancer potential and molecular targets. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(5):611; Auyeung KK, Woo PK, Law PC, Ko JK. Astragalus saponins modulate cell invasiveness and angiogenesis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2012 Jun 1;141(2):635-41.
- Yin G, Tang D et al. Combination efficacy of Astragalus membranaceus and Curcuma wenyujin at different stages of tumor progression in an imageable orthotopic nude mouse model of metastatic human ovarian cancer expressing red fluorescent protein. Anticancer Research. 2015 Jun;35(6):3193-207.
- Ong SKL, Shanmugam MK et al. Focus on formononetin: anticancer potential and molecular targets. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(5):611; Auyeung KK, Woo PK, Law PC, Ko JK. Astragalus saponins modulate cell invasiveness and angiogenesis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2012 Jun 1;141(2):635-41.
- Zhang J, Liu L et al. Formononetin, an isoflavone from Astragalus membranaceus inhibits proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018 Jul 15;221:91-99.
- Li C, Hong L et al. Astragalus polysaccharides increase the sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to cisplatin. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2018 Feb;297(2):381-386.
- Radwan MM, El-Sebakhy NA, Asaad AM, Toaima SM, Kingston DG. Kahiricosides II-V, cycloartane glycosides from an Egyptian collection of Astragalus kahiricus. Phytochemistry. 2004 Nov;65(21):2909-13.
- Ong SKL, Shanmugam MK et al. Focus on formononetin: anticancer potential and molecular targets. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(5):611.
- Ong SKL, Shanmugam MK et al. Focus on formononetin: anticancer potential and molecular targets. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(5):611; Auyeung KK, Woo PK, Law PC, Ko JK. Astragalus saponins modulate cell invasiveness and angiogenesis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2012 Jun 1;141(2):635-41.
- Ong SKL, Shanmugam MK et al. Focus on formononetin: anticancer potential and molecular targets. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(5):611; Dong J, Liang W et al. Saponins regulate intestinal inflammation in colon cancer and IBD. Pharmacological Research. 2019;144:66–72.
- Wang QZ, Chen XP, Huang JP, Jiang XW. [Effects of couplet medicines (Astragalus membranaceus and jiaozhen) on intestinal barrier in postoperative colorectal cancer patients.] [Article in Chinese]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2015;35(11):1307–1312.
- Huang WC, Kuo KT, Bamodu OA, et al. Astragalus polysaccharide (PG2) ameliorates cancer symptom clusters, as well as improves quality of life in patients with metastatic disease, through modulation of the inflammatory cascade. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(8).
- Chen M, May BH, Zhou IW, Xue CC, Zhang AL. FOLFOX 4 combined with herbal medicine for advanced colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Phytotherapy Research. 2014;28(7):976–991; Chen M, May BH et al. Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy combined with traditional medicines for neutropenia in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of the contributions of specific plants. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology. 2016;105:18–34; Dong J, Liang W et al. Saponins regulate intestinal inflammation in colon cancer and IBD. Pharmacological Research. 2019;144:66–72; Denzler K, Moore et al. Characterization of the physiological response following in vivo administration of Astragalus membranaceus. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016;2016:6861078; Li S, Sun Y et al. Anti-tumor effects and mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and its specific immunopotentiation: status and prospect. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2020 Aug 10;258:112797.
- Chen MH, May BH, Zhou IW, Zhang AL, Xue CC. Integrative medicine for relief of nausea and vomiting in the treatment of colorectal cancer using oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytotherapy Research. 2016;30(5):741–753; Dong J, Liang W et al. Saponins regulate intestinal inflammation in colon cancer and IBD. Pharmacological Research. 2019;144:66–72.
- Wang J, Li G et al. Aidi injection plus platinum-based chemotherapy for stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 42 RCTs following the PRISMA guidelines. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018 Jul 15;221:137-150.
- Lin S, An X et al. Meta-analysis of astragalus-containing traditional Chinese medicine combined with chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: efficacy and safety to tumor response. Frontiers in Oncology. 2019;9:749; Taixiang W, Munro AJ, Guanjian L. Chinese medical herbs for chemotherapy side effects in colorectal cancer patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005;(1):CD004540; Huang S, Peng W et al. Kangai injection, a traditional Chinese medicine, improves efficacy and reduces toxicity of chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019 Jul 15;2019:8423037.
- Chen M, May BH et al. Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy combined with traditional medicines for neutropenia in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of the contributions of specific plants. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology. 2016;105:18–34.
- Ge L, Mao L et al. [Network meta-analysis on selecting Chinese medical injections in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer.] [Article in Chinese] Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 2015 Sep;40(18):3674-81.
- Zhang D, Zheng J et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal injections combined with the FOLFOX regimen for treating gastric cancer in China: a network meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(40):68873-68889; Wang J, Tian J, Ge L, Gan Y, Yang K. Which is the best Chinese herb injection based on the FOLFOX regimen for gastric cancer? A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2014;15(12):4795-4800.
- Wang SF, Wang Q et al. Astragalus-containing traditional Chinese medicine, with and without prescription based on syndrome differentiation, combined with chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Current Oncology. 2016 Jun;23(3):e188-95.
- Xiao Z, Wang C et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of Aidi injection plus paclitaxel-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials following the PRISMA guidelines. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2019 Jan 10;228:110-122.
- Huang WC, Kuo KT, Bamodu OA, et al. Astragalus polysaccharide (PG2) ameliorates cancer symptom clusters, as well as improves quality of life in patients with metastatic disease, through modulation of the inflammatory cascade. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(8).
- Wang SF, Wang Q et al. Astragalus-containing traditional Chinese medicine, with and without prescription based on syndrome differentiation, combined with chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Current Oncology. 2016 Jun;23(3):e188-95.
- Guo L, Bai SP, Zhao L, Wang XH. Astragalus polysaccharide injection integrated with vinorelbine and cisplatin for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: effects on quality of life and survival. Medical Oncology. 2012 Sep;29(3):1656-62.
- Abrams DI, Weil AT. Integrative Oncology, 2nd Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2014.
- Huang WC, Kuo KT, Bamodu OA, et al. Astragalus polysaccharide (PG2) ameliorates cancer symptom clusters, as well as improves quality of life in patients with metastatic disease, through modulation of the inflammatory cascade. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(8).
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More Information
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center’s About Herbs: Astragalus
- Lone Star Medical Group: Astragalus
- CAM Cancer: Astragalus
- Natural Medicines Database: Astragalus (requires purchase)
- Gurdev Parmar and Tina Kaczor: Textbook of Naturopathic Oncology
- Barbara MacDonald, ND, LAc: The Breast Cancer Companion: A Complementary Care Manual: Third Edition
- Keith Block and others: A Broad-Spectrum Integrative Design for Cancer Prevention and Therapy
- Raymond Chang, MD: Beyond the Magic Bullet: The Anti-Cancer Cocktail
- Donald I. Abrams, MD, and Andrew T. Weil, MD: Integrative Oncology, 2nd Edition
- Lise Alschuler, ND, FABNO, and Karolyn Gazella: The Definitive Guide to Cancer, 3rd Edition
- Keith I. Block, MD: Life over Cancer: The Block Center Program for Integrative Cancer Treatment
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center: About Herbs, Botanicals and Other Products
- National Cancer Institute: Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Therapeutic Research Center: Natural Medicines Database
- American Botanical Council: HerbMed
- Michael Lerner: Choices In Healing: Integrating the Best of Conventional and Complementary Approaches to Cancer
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